First Norovirus Vaccine Trial Begins Globally

Doctors are testing the first vaccine against norovirus, a vomiting bug that spreads quickly in close quarters like hospitals and schools. The virus causes diarrhea and vomiting, mostly in young children, the elderly, and those with weak immune systems. It’s a big problem: globally, it causes 685 million cases and 200,000 deaths each year, costing the UK NHS £100 million annually, plus another £300 million in lost earnings.

The vaccine, called Nova 301, is in a two-year phase 3 trial involving 25,000 adults, mostly over 60, in countries like Japan, Canada, and Australia. In the UK, 27 sites will recruit 2,500 participants, using mobile units for convenience. Half will get the vaccine, half a saline placebo.

The vaccine uses mRNA technology, similar to Pfizer and Moderna’s COVID-19 shots. It introduces mRNA into cells, which then make proteins that trigger an immune response. The mRNA in this vaccine instructs cells to make proteins from three types of norovirus, creating harmless particles that prompt antibody production.

Early trials showed a strong immune response, but the current trial aims to test effectiveness and duration of protection. Moderna expects to apply for marketing approval in 2026 if successful. Further trials will include teenagers and younger children.

A successful vaccine could save lives and money, keeping care homes and hospitals running smoothly. It’s a race against time, but the potential benefits are clear.